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1 |
Physician Advocacy – minimize medical malpractice
economic damages related to impairment-specific years of
life-expectancy lost in tort cases by providing
fact-based expert opinion on reduced longevity; educate
to improve applications of best medical evidence for
more effective risk management.
Provide
physicians, lawyers, risk managers, and others with a
succinct understanding of the short and long-term impact
of the additional mortality associated with various
diseases, injuries, disabilities & other risk factors,
and their morbid contribution to diminished longevity in
biostatistical, social, legal and economic terms. |
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2 |
Defense
and Plaintiff Law Practitioners – educate & support malpractice
defense and plaintiff lawyers through the judicious identification,
evaluation and application of the most relevant,
quantifiable, statistically valid and actuarially sound
clinical outcomes information available. |
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3 |
Civil
Justice System Advocacy – Provide a systematic &
coherent knowledge framework to enhance more consistent,
responsible, equitable, fair and reasonable civil
judgments. |
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4 |
Insurance Industry – Enhance risk classification
practices based on best clinical outcomes information;
use automated mortality methodology and life expectancy
tools to monitor survival, excess mortality, and
longevity assumptions for underwriter studies of
policies on insured lives for routine risk management,
underwriting requirements, profit and financial
protection; create greater economic value/unit of
knowledge for company – competitor differentiation. |
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5 |
Public
Health Advocacy - Amplify future trends in
mortality, life expectancy and emerging risk factors
based on population medicine principles & epidemiologic
statistical fact. |
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Life Expectancy Program Overview and General
Methodologic Steps |
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The PowerPoint Illustration
is a brief abstract of the most salient points contained
in the complete 29-page automated software program
developed and used by Dr. Milano. This illustration
highlights the mathematical principles, procedures and
methodologies inherent in the professional publications
of Dr. Richard B. Singer (M.D.) retired life insurance
medical director and industry consultant, The American
Academy of Insurance Medicine, and others. A
hypothetical example of a 66-year old male (Mr. John
Doe) with multiple medical impairments is presented.
Methods |
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1 |
Epidemiologic principles and standard actuarial methods
provide the scientific framework for accurately
measuring reduced individual life expectancy caused by
additional mortality associated with various risk
factors, diseases and disabilities. |
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2 |
Mortality
rates by age, sex and race for a specific period may be
summarized by the life table method to obtain measures
of comparative longevity. |
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3 |
The life
tables contained in the illustration are based on age,
sex, and race-specific death rates contained in the
current U.S. Life Tables for the period 1989-91 and are
used as the standard of comparison for individual life
expectancy. |
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4 |
Tabular
summations of multiple risk factor excess death rates (EDRs)
are used for the calculation of individual life
expectancy for future attained ages. |
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5 |
Decimal
values of the excess mortality values are added to
annual mortality rates for males in the U.S. population
to obtain projected mortality rates for a group with a
set of risk factors similar to those in the hypothetical
case illustration of Mr. John Doe, age 66. |
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6 |
These
values are converted into a figure for reduced life
expectancy, displayed in a life expectancy table from
attained age 66 years to 109 years, and compared with
the life expectancy of persons matched by age and sex in
the latest Decennial U.S. Life Tables (see slides
10-12). |
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7 |
Age and
sex-specific tables & graphic presentations of
comparative mortality and life expectancy are
highlighted. |
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8 |
The
electronic spreadsheet computer program (not included
here) incorporates an enabling software technology
designed to make explicit the automated construction of
impairment-specific life expectancy tables. |
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9 |
Conclusions
are easily prepared concerning: |
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-
remaining years of life expectancy
-
percent reduction from normal expected life
expectancy
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Download the PowerPoint
Presentation |
